Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size

Durand, Eliot; Durdina, Lukas; Smallwood, Greg; Johnson, Mark; Spirig, Curdin; Edebeli, Jacinta; Roth, Manuel; Brem, Benjamin; Sevcenco, Yura; Crayford, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-30293

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size
Authors:	Durand, Eliot Durdina, Lukas Smallwood, Greg Johnson, Mark Spirig, Curdin Edebeli, Jacinta Roth, Manuel Brem, Benjamin Sevcenco, Yura Crayford, Andrew
et. al:	No
DOI:	10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140 10.21256/zhaw-30293
Published in:	Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume(Issue):	169
Issue:	106140
Issue Date:	24-Jan-2023
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0021-8502
Language:	English
Subjects:	Particle transport loss; Aviation; Non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM); Particle size distribution; Sampling system loss correction
Subject (DDC):	629: Aeronautical, automotive engineering
Abstract:	To reduce the adverse impact of civil aviation on local air quality and human health, a new international standard for non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) number and mass emissions was recently adopted. A system loss correction method, which accounts for the significant size-dependent particle loss, is also detailed to predict nvPM emissions representative of those at engine exit for emissions inventory purposes. As Particle-Size-Distribution (PSD) measurement is currently not prescribed, the existing loss correction method uses the nvPM number and mass measurements along with several assumptions to predict a PSD, resulting in significant uncertainty. Three new system loss correction methodologies using measured PSD were developed and compared with the existing regulatory method using certification-like nvPM data reported by the Swiss and European nvPM reference systems for thirty-two civil turbofan engines representative of the current fleet. Additionally, the PSD statistics of three sizing instruments typically used in these systems (SMPS, DMS500 and EEPS) were compared on a generic aero-engine combustor rig. General agreement between the three new PSD loss correction methods was observed, with both nvPM number- and mass-based system loss correction factors (kSL_num and kSL_mass) within ±10% reported across the engines tested. By comparison, the existing regulatory method was seen to underpredict kSL_num by up to 67% and overpredict kSL_mass by up to 49% when compared with the measured-PSD-based methods, typically driven by low nvPM mass concentrations and small particle size. In terms of the particle sizing instrument inter-comparison, an agreement of ±2 nm for the GMD and ±0.08 for the GSD was observed across a range of particle sizes on the combustor rig. However, it was seen that these differences can result in a 19% bias for kSL_num and 8% for kSL_mass for the measured-PSD-based methods, highlighting the need for further work towards the standardisation of PSD measurement for regulatory purposes.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/30293
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Engineering
Organisational Unit:	Centre for Aviation (ZAV)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen School of Engineering

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Durand, E., Durdina, L., Smallwood, G., Johnson, M., Spirig, C., Edebeli, J., Roth, M., Brem, B., Sevcenco, Y., & Crayford, A. (2023). Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size. Journal of Aerosol Science, 169(106140). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140

Durand, E. et al. (2023) ‘Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size’, Journal of Aerosol Science, 169(106140). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140.

E. Durand et al., “Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size,” Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 169, no. 106140, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140.

DURAND, Eliot, Lukas DURDINA, Greg SMALLWOOD, Mark JOHNSON, Curdin SPIRIG, Jacinta EDEBELI, Manuel ROTH, Benjamin BREM, Yura SEVCENCO und Andrew CRAYFORD, 2023. Correction for particle loss in a regulatory aviation nvPM emissions system using measured particle size. Journal of Aerosol Science. 24 Januar 2023. Bd. 169, Nr. 106140. DOI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140

Durand, Eliot, Lukas Durdina, Greg Smallwood, Mark Johnson, Curdin Spirig, Jacinta Edebeli, Manuel Roth, Benjamin Brem, Yura Sevcenco, and Andrew Crayford. 2023. “Correction for Particle Loss in a Regulatory Aviation nvPM Emissions System Using Measured Particle Size.” Journal of Aerosol Science 169 (106140). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140.

Durand, Eliot, et al. “Correction for Particle Loss in a Regulatory Aviation nvPM Emissions System Using Measured Particle Size.” Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 169, no. 106140, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106140.