Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells

Comi, Ennio; Jenatsch, Sandra; Blülle, Balthasar; Battaglia, Mattia; Torre Cachafeiro, Miguel Angel; Kirsch, Christoph; Hiestand, Roman; Aeberhard, Urs; Ruhstaller, Beat; Knapp, Evelyne

Publication type:	Conference other
Type of review:	Editorial review
Title:	Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells
Authors:	Comi, Ennio Jenatsch, Sandra Blülle, Balthasar Battaglia, Mattia Torre Cachafeiro, Miguel Angel Kirsch, Christoph Hiestand, Roman Aeberhard, Urs Ruhstaller, Beat Knapp, Evelyne
et. al:	No
Proceedings:	Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition
Page(s):	020077-001
Pages to:	020077-022
Conference details:	40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC), Lisbon, Portugal, 18-22 September 2023
Issue Date:	28-Nov-2023
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	WIP
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	München
ISBN:	3-936338-88-4
Language:	English
Subjects:	Thin film; Perovskite solar cell; FEM simulation; Drift-diffusion simulation; Transient simulation; Electroluminescence; Imaging; Quality control
Subject (DDC):	621.3: Electrical, communications, control engineering
Abstract:	Electroluminescence (EL) imaging of perovskite solar cells (PSC) allows for a uniformity analysis of the deposited photoactive layers and the detection of performance limiting factors like resistive losses. EL signals from perovskite solar cells, however, can vary significantly over time after voltage turn-on, resulting in a dynamical change of measured intensity values [1]. This transient behavior in the range of seconds is reported to be attributed to mobile ions in the bulk material and is mostly investigated with a spatially averaged signal [2], [3]. While taking transient electroluminescence images of 1.4 cm2 carbon-based holetransporter-free perovskite solar cells with a mesoporous layer stack, we found very pronounced turn-on dynamics in the EL signal that varied locally. The overall behavior reported in [2] was confirmed, although the averaged signal was preceded by a strong ELincrease in certain regions. To better understand these local and temporal variations in EL signal, we first modelled the complete device stack with the 1D drift-diffusion simulation software Setfos 5.3 [4], by fitting the material parameters to steady-state and impedance data, and used the software’s recombination coupled emission model to obtain the transient EL signal of a small cell. Through parameter variation of transient simulations, it was found that an increase in the local ion density could reproduce the stronger EL signal at specific locations. The temporal occurrence of this peak is strongly influenced by the mobility of iodine vacancies, which was determined by fitting both the measured EL signal and the electrical impedance data. In a second step, voltage-dependent current densities and luminance characteristics (JVL) with fixed ion distributions at specific time steps were simulated using the 1D driftdiffusion model. These were then used as a 1D coupling law in the 2D+1D FEM software tool Laoss [5], [6] as a stack specification to link the two large-area electrodes. This approach accounts for the sheet resistances on the top and bottom electrode of the device, leading to a potential drop that is detectable in EL images. The FEM tool also facilitates the qualitative comparison to EL images by displaying the simulated transient luminescence results in 2D. In conclusion, the transient EL images of a mesoporous perovskite solar cell could be explained by local variation of ion densities using a combination of a 1D drift-diffusion with 2D+1D FEM simulations. Mobile ionic charge carriers are affecting the long-term performance of PSCs [7]. Spots with increased ionic concentrations could therefore be weak points of cells that are prone to degradation.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/29288
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	Not specified
Departement:	School of Engineering
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Computational Physics (ICP)
Published as part of the ZHAW project:	Fortschrittliche Bildanalyse und maschinelles Lernen für die PV-Qualitätssicherung
Appears in collections:	Publikationen School of Engineering

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Comi, E., Jenatsch, S., Blülle, B., Battaglia, M., Torre Cachafeiro, M. A., Kirsch, C., Hiestand, R., Aeberhard, U., Ruhstaller, B., & Knapp, E. (2023). Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells [Conference presentation]. Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 020077–020001.

Comi, E. et al. (2023) ‘Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells’, in Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition. München: WIP, pp. 020077–001–020077–022.

E. Comi et al., “Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells,” in Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Nov. 2023, pp. 020077–001–020077–022.

COMI, Ennio, Sandra JENATSCH, Balthasar BLÜLLE, Mattia BATTAGLIA, Miguel Angel TORRE CACHAFEIRO, Christoph KIRSCH, Roman HIESTAND, Urs AEBERHARD, Beat RUHSTALLER und Evelyne KNAPP, 2023. Investigation of time and location dependent variations in electroluminescence images of perovskite solar cells. In: Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition. Conference presentation. München: WIP. 28 November 2023. S. 020077–001–020077–022. ISBN 3-936338-88-4

Comi, Ennio, Sandra Jenatsch, Balthasar Blülle, Mattia Battaglia, Miguel Angel Torre Cachafeiro, Christoph Kirsch, Roman Hiestand, Urs Aeberhard, Beat Ruhstaller, and Evelyne Knapp. 2023. “Investigation of Time and Location Dependent Variations in Electroluminescence Images of Perovskite Solar Cells.” Conference presentation. In Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 020077–1. München: WIP.

Comi, Ennio, et al. “Investigation of Time and Location Dependent Variations in Electroluminescence Images of Perovskite Solar Cells.” Proceedings of the 40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, WIP, 2023, pp. 020077–1.