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Publication type:	Conference paper
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	A methodology for creating question answering corpora using inverse data annotation
Authors:	Deriu, Jan Milan Mlynchyk, Katsiaryna Schläpfer, Philippe Rodrigo, Alvaro von Grünigen, Dirk Kaiser, Nicolas Stockinger, Kurt Agirre, Eneko Cieliebak, Mark
et. al:	No
DOI:	10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.84 10.21256/zhaw-20319
Proceedings:	Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Pages:	897
Pages to:	911
Conference details:	ACL 2020, Virtual, 5-10 July 2020
Issue Date:	Jul-2020
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	Association for Computational Linguistics
Language:	English
Subjects:	Natural language interface to database; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Semantic parsing
Subject (DDC):	004: Computer science 400: Language, linguistics
Abstract:	In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology to efficiently construct a corpus for question answering over structured data. For this, we introduce an intermediate representation that is based on the logical query plan in a database, called Operation Trees (OT). This representation allows us to invert the annotation process without loosing flexibility in the types of queries that we generate. Furthermore, it allows for fine-grained alignment of the tokens to the operations. Thus, we randomly generate OTs from a context free grammar and annotators just have to write the appropriate question and assign the tokens. We compare our corpus OTTA (Operation Trees and Token Assignment), a large semantic parsing corpus for evaluating natural language interfaces to databases, to Spider and LC-QuaD 2.0 and show that our methodology more than triples the annotation speed while maintaining the complexity of the queries. Finally, we train a state-of-the-art semantic parsing model on our data and show that our dataset is a challenging dataset and that the token alignment can be leveraged to significantly increase the performance.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/20319
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Engineering
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Applied Information Technology (InIT)
Published as part of the ZHAW project:	LIHLITH - Learning to Interact with Humans by Lifelong Interaction with Humans EU Horizon 2020: INODE - Intelligent Open Data Exploration
Appears in collections:	Publikationen School of Engineering

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