Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events

Rozental, Alexander; Kottorp, Anders Börje Mauritz; Boettcher, Johanna; Andersson, Gerhard; Carlbring, Per

doi:10.21256/zhaw-3919

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3919

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events
Authors:	Rozental, Alexander Kottorp, Anders Börje Mauritz Boettcher, Johanna Andersson, Gerhard Carlbring, Per
DOI:	10.21256/zhaw-3919 10.1371/journal.pone.0157503
Published in:	PLOS ONE
Volume(Issue):	11
Issue:	6(e0157503)
Issue Date:	2016
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	Public Library of Science
ISSN:	1932-6203
Language:	English
Subjects:	Adult; Demography; Female; Human; Male; Mental disorder; Statistical factor analysis; Survey and questionnaire
Subject (DDC):	616.89: Mental disorders, clinical psychology and psychiatry
Abstract:	Research conducted during the last decades has provided increasing evidence for the use of psychological treatments for a number of psychiatric disorders and somatic complaints. However, by focusing only on the positive outcomes, less attention has been given to the potential of negative effects. Despite indications of deterioration and other adverse and unwanted events during treatment, little is known about their occurrence and characteristics. Hence, in order to facilitate research of negative effects, a new instrument for monitoring and reporting their incidence and impact was developed using a consensus among researchers, self-reports by patients, and a literature review: the Negative Effects Questionnaire. Participants were recruited via a smartphone-delivered self-help treatment for social anxiety disorder and through the media (N = 653). An exploratory factor analysis was performed, resulting in a six-factor solution with 32 items, accounting for 57.64% of the variance. The derived factors were: symptoms, quality, dependency, stigma, hopelessness, and failure. Items related to unpleasant memories, stress, and anxiety were experienced by more than one-third of the participants. Further, increased or novel symptoms, as well as lack of quality in the treatment and therapeutic relationship rendered the highest self-reported negative impact. In addition, the findings were discussed in relation to prior research and other similar instruments of adverse and unwanted events, giving credence to the items that are included. The instrument is presently available in eleven different languages and can be freely downloaded and used from www.neqscale.com.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/8779
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Health Sciences
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Occupational Therapy (IER)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen Gesundheit

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Rozental, A., Kottorp, A. B. M., Boettcher, J., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events. Plos One, 11(6(e0157503)). https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3919

Rozental, A. et al. (2016) ‘Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events’, PLOS ONE, 11(6(e0157503)). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3919.

A. Rozental, A. B. M. Kottorp, J. Boettcher, G. Andersson, and P. Carlbring, “Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events,” PLOS ONE, vol. 11, no. 6(e0157503), 2016, doi: 10.21256/zhaw-3919.

ROZENTAL, Alexander, Anders Börje Mauritz KOTTORP, Johanna BOETTCHER, Gerhard ANDERSSON und Per CARLBRING, 2016. Negative effects of psychological treatments : an exploratory factor analysis of the negative effects questionnaire for monitoring and reporting adverse and unwanted events. PLOS ONE. 2016. Bd. 11, Nr. 6(e0157503). DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3919

Rozental, Alexander, Anders Börje Mauritz Kottorp, Johanna Boettcher, Gerhard Andersson, and Per Carlbring. 2016. “Negative Effects of Psychological Treatments : An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Negative Effects Questionnaire for Monitoring and Reporting Adverse and Unwanted Events.” Plos One 11 (6(e0157503)). https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3919.

Rozental, Alexander, et al. “Negative Effects of Psychological Treatments : An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Negative Effects Questionnaire for Monitoring and Reporting Adverse and Unwanted Events.” Plos One, vol. 11, no. 6(e0157503), 2016, https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3919.