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dc.contributor.authorMatsinos, Evangelos-
dc.contributor.authorUlmer, Waldemar-
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-07T14:35:55Z-
dc.date.available2019-03-07T14:35:55Z-
dc.date.issued2011-
dc.identifier.issn1951-6355de_CH
dc.identifier.issn1951-6401de_CH
dc.identifier.urihttps://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/15879-
dc.description.abstractThe well-known Bragg-Kleeman rule R CSDA = A⋅E has become a pioneer work in radiation physics of charged particles and is still a useful tool to estimate the range R CSDA of approximately monoenergetic protons with initial energy E 0 in a homogeneous medium. The rule is based on the continuous-slowing-down-approximation (CSDA). It results from a generalized (nonrelativistic) Langevin equation and a modification of the phenomenological friction term. The complete integration of this equation provides information about the residual energy E(z) and dE(z)/dz at each position z(0 ≦ z ≦ R CSDA). A relativistic extension of the generalized Langevin equation yields the formula R CSDA = A⋅(E 0 + E/2M⋅c 2)p. The initial energy of therapeutic protons satisfies E 0 ≪ 2M⋅c 2(M⋅c 2 = 938.276 MeV), which enables us to consider the relativistic contributions as correction terms. Besides this phenomenological starting-point, a complete integration of the Bethe-Bloch equation (BBE) is developed, which also provides the determination of R CSDA, E(z) and dE(z)/dz and uses only those parameters given by the BBE itself (i.e., without further empirical parameters like modification of friction). The results obtained in the context of the aforementioned methods are compared with Monte-Carlo calculations (GEANT4); this Monte-Carlo code is also used with regard to further topics such as lateral scatter, nuclear interactions, and buildup effects. In the framework of the CSDA, the energy transfer from protons to environmental atomic electrons does not account for local fluctuations. Based on statistical quantum mechanics, an analysis of the Gaussian convolution and the Landau-Vavilov distribution function is carried out to describe these fluctuations. The Landau tail is derived as Hermite polynomial corrections of a Gaussian convolution. It is experimentally confirmed that proton Bragg curves with E 0 ≧ 120 MeV show a buildup, which increases with the proton energy. This buildup is explained by a theoretical analysis of impinging proton beamlets. In order to obtain a complete dose calculation model for proton treatment planning, some further aspects have to be accounted for: the decrease of the fluence of the primary protons due to nuclear interactions, the transport of released secondary protons, the dose contribution of heavy recoil nuclei, the inclusion of lateral scatter of the primary and secondary protons based on Molière’s multiple-scatter theory, and the scatter contributions of collimators. This study also presents some results which go beyond proton dose calculation models; namely, the application of the relativistic generalization of the Bragg-Kleeman rule to electrons and, in an appendix, a method to determine inelastic cross-sections of therapeutic protons in media of therapeutic interest.de_CH
dc.language.isoende_CH
dc.publisherSpringerde_CH
dc.relation.ispartofThe European Physical Journal Special Topicsde_CH
dc.rightsLicence according to publishing contractde_CH
dc.subject.ddc530: Physikde_CH
dc.titleTheoretical methods for the calculation of Bragg curves and 3D distributions of proton beamsde_CH
dc.typeBeitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschriftde_CH
dcterms.typeTextde_CH
zhaw.departementSchool of Engineeringde_CH
zhaw.organisationalunitInstitut für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (IAMP)de_CH
dc.identifier.doi10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7de_CH
zhaw.funding.euNode_CH
zhaw.issue1de_CH
zhaw.originated.zhawYesde_CH
zhaw.pages.end81de_CH
zhaw.pages.start1de_CH
zhaw.publication.statuspublishedVersionde_CH
zhaw.volume190de_CH
zhaw.publication.reviewPeer review (Publikation)de_CH
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Matsinos, E., & Ulmer, W. (2011). Theoretical methods for the calculation of Bragg curves and 3D distributions of proton beams. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 190(1), 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7
Matsinos, E. and Ulmer, W. (2011) ‘Theoretical methods for the calculation of Bragg curves and 3D distributions of proton beams’, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 190(1), pp. 1–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7.
E. Matsinos and W. Ulmer, “Theoretical methods for the calculation of Bragg curves and 3D distributions of proton beams,” The European Physical Journal Special Topics, vol. 190, no. 1, pp. 1–81, 2011, doi: 10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7.
MATSINOS, Evangelos und Waldemar ULMER, 2011. Theoretical methods for the calculation of Bragg curves and 3D distributions of proton beams. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2011. Bd. 190, Nr. 1, S. 1–81. DOI 10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7
Matsinos, Evangelos, and Waldemar Ulmer. 2011. “Theoretical Methods for the Calculation of Bragg Curves and 3D Distributions of Proton Beams.” The European Physical Journal Special Topics 190 (1): 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7.
Matsinos, Evangelos, and Waldemar Ulmer. “Theoretical Methods for the Calculation of Bragg Curves and 3D Distributions of Proton Beams.” The European Physical Journal Special Topics, vol. 190, no. 1, 2011, pp. 1–81, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2010-01335-7.


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