Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures

Carigiet, Fabian; Niedrist, Markus; Scheuermann, Christian; Baumgartner, Franz

doi:10.1002/pip.2710

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures
Authors:	Carigiet, Fabian Niedrist, Markus Scheuermann, Christian Baumgartner, Franz
DOI:	10.1002/pip.2710
Published in:	Progress in Photovoltaics
Volume(Issue):	24
Issue:	12
Page(s):	1523
Pages to:	1532
Issue Date:	2016
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	Wiley
ISSN:	1062-7995 1099-159X
Language:	English
Subjects:	Low-voltage distribution grid; Photovoltaic; Active power curtailment; Reactive power control; Peak shifting; Load flow simulation
Subject (DDC):	621.3: Electrical, communications, control engineering
Abstract:	The low-voltage distribution grid in Dettighofen, Germany was analysed regarding load flows and the voltage behaviour because of decentralised photovoltaic (PV) power generation. High load flow fluctuations of 400kW within 25 min were observed in the more critical western part of the grid. During the night, the average base and the peak load obtained from the medium voltage grid was 55.8 and 150 kW, respectively. On certain days, the transformer (400 kVA) fed with rated power into the medium-voltage grid. The relative voltage rise on the transformer was between 2% and 3%. A critical situation was found at a distribution box with two long stubs and a total PV installation power of 99.3 kWp. The load flows caused a relative voltage rise of 4.5% on a day with clear sky, and there was a voltage peak slightly above 110% on a day with high fluctuating irradiance. In a second step, load flow simulations with NEPLAN were performed to analyse three different voltage reducing measures. The relative voltage rise could be reduced by 3% with an active power curtailment ratio of 70% together with reactive power control (cosφ of 0.95 and cosφ of 0.9 at p>13.8kW). Peak shifting with battery storage leads to the same reduction if the power that exceeds 40% of the rated PV power is shifted. The average costs of limiting the active power to 70% are 1.45 ct/kWh compared with €3.11/kWh for peak shifting with commercial available lead-acid batteries. This is due to the low number of storage cycles resulting in high costs.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/12500
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	Licence according to publishing contract
Departement:	School of Engineering
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Energy Systems and Fluid Engineering (IEFE)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen School of Engineering

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Carigiet, F., Niedrist, M., Scheuermann, C., & Baumgartner, F. (2016). Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures. Progress in Photovoltaics, 24(12), 1523–1532. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2710

Carigiet, F. et al. (2016) ‘Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures’, Progress in Photovoltaics, 24(12), pp. 1523–1532. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2710.

F. Carigiet, M. Niedrist, C. Scheuermann, and F. Baumgartner, “Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures,” Progress in Photovoltaics, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 1523–1532, 2016, doi: 10.1002/pip.2710.

CARIGIET, Fabian, Markus NIEDRIST, Christian SCHEUERMANN und Franz BAUMGARTNER, 2016. Case study of a low-voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost-effective measures. Progress in Photovoltaics. 2016. Bd. 24, Nr. 12, S. 1523–1532. DOI 10.1002/pip.2710

Carigiet, Fabian, Markus Niedrist, Christian Scheuermann, and Franz Baumgartner. 2016. “Case Study of a Low-Voltage Distribution Grid with High PV Penetration in Germany and Simulation Analyses of Cost-Effective Measures.” Progress in Photovoltaics 24 (12): 1523–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2710.

Carigiet, Fabian, et al. “Case Study of a Low-Voltage Distribution Grid with High PV Penetration in Germany and Simulation Analyses of Cost-Effective Measures.” Progress in Photovoltaics, vol. 24, no. 12, 2016, pp. 1523–32, https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2710.