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dc.contributor.authorLeu, Thomas-
dc.contributor.authorBetz, Regina-
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-19T09:08:34Z-
dc.date.available2019-07-19T09:08:34Z-
dc.date.issued2016-06-07-
dc.identifier.urihttps://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdfde_CH
dc.identifier.urihttps://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/17571-
dc.description.abstractEnergy and carbon taxes play a key role in many countries when aiming to meet their international climate targets. The design of these taxes varies substantially across countries. In 2012, according to the OECD, effective tax rates on carbon range from USD 3.10 to USD 117.70 per tonne of CO2. Countries with explicit carbon taxes, e.g. Sweden, Switzerland, Norway and Denmark, tend to have a higher effective carbon taxation. Within countries, there are often differences in the tax base and exempted sectors. For instance, Switzerland’s CO2 levy does not include motor fuels whereas in Denmark, energy-intensive industries are largely exempted if they enter a voluntary agreement on energy efficiency. Although these taxes have been in place for many years, there is little information available today on how well these did in fact perform. The main aim of this paper is to review the existing literature of ex-post evaluations of explicit carbon taxes as well as describing the most popular of the various evaluation methods and naming their benefits and drawbacks. In addition, an overview of the design of carbon and energy tax schemes is provided in order to understand the impact of the design on the evaluation method. To begin with, we assess the review literature on energy and carbon tax schemes as to select the countries and tax schemes to be reviewed. Each tax scheme is described accordingly to specific characteristics such as the targeted sectors and the tax base, the participants, the tax rate, possible exemptions and the resulting evidence of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, a literature review on existing expost evaluations is undertaken in order to compare different methods and to identify the data that is needed for a robust interpretation of the impacts of these tax schemes. Based on those examples, we illustrate the limitation of carbon tax evaluations, e.g. counterfactual and selection bias issues as well as spillover and rebound effects. Finally, we discuss options of how to improve existing studies and what requirement for the data would be necessary to do so. To sum up, both the evaluated results and their critical analysis will help to specify the focus of evaluation effort in the future. The systematic evaluation of the framework will help researchers in designing new ex-post evaluations of environmental and energy tax schemes. It should also inform upcoming debates on evaluation methods and data issues, providing important information to be used by political decision makers when introducing such tax schemes.de_CH
dc.language.isoende_CH
dc.rightsLicence according to publishing contractde_CH
dc.subject.ddc333.79: Energiede_CH
dc.titleEnvironmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far?de_CH
dc.typeKonferenz: Paperde_CH
dcterms.typeTextde_CH
zhaw.departementSchool of Management and Lawde_CH
zhaw.organisationalunitZentrum für Arbeitsmärkte, Digitalisierung und Regionalökonomie (CLDR)de_CH
zhaw.conference.detailsInternational Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016de_CH
zhaw.funding.euNode_CH
zhaw.originated.zhawYesde_CH
zhaw.publication.statuspublishedVersionde_CH
zhaw.publication.reviewPeer review (Publikation)de_CH
zhaw.author.additionalNode_CH
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Leu, T., & Betz, R. (2016, June 7). Environmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far? International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016. https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf
Leu, T. and Betz, R. (2016) ‘Environmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far?’, in International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016. Available at: https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf.
T. Leu and R. Betz, “Environmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far?,” in International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016, Jun. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf
LEU, Thomas und Regina BETZ, 2016. Environmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far? In: International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016 [online]. Conference paper. 7 Juni 2016. Verfügbar unter: https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf
Leu, Thomas, and Regina Betz. 2016. “Environmental Tax Evaluation : What Can Be Learnt so Far?” Conference paper. In International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016. https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf.
Leu, Thomas, and Regina Betz. “Environmental Tax Evaluation : What Can Be Learnt so Far?” International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016, 2016, https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf.


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