The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ)

Darlow, Ben; Perry, Meredith; Mathieson, Fiona; Stanley, James; Melloh, Markus; Marsh, Reginald; Baxter, G David

doi:10.21256/zhaw-4106

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-4106

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ)
Authors:	Darlow, Ben Perry, Meredith Mathieson, Fiona Stanley, James Melloh, Markus Marsh, Reginald Baxter, G David
DOI:	10.21256/zhaw-4106 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005251
Published in:	BMJ Open
Volume(Issue):	4
Issue:	5
Issue Date:	2014
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	BMJ Publishing Group
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	London
ISSN:	2044-6055
Language:	English
Subject (DDC):	617.5: Orthopaedic surgery
Abstract:	Objectives: To develop an instrument to assess attitudes and underlying beliefs about back pain, and subsequently investigate its internal consistency and underlying structures. Design: The instrument was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers based on analysis of qualitative interviews with people experiencing acute and chronic back pain. Exploratory analysis was conducted using data from a population-based cross-sectional survey. Setting: Qualitative interviews with community-based participants and subsequent postal survey. Participants: Instrument development informed by interviews with 12 participants with acute back pain and 11 participants with chronic back pain. Data for exploratory analysis collected from New Zealand residents and citizens aged 18 years and above. 1000 participants were randomly selected from the New Zealand Electoral Roll. 602 valid responses were received. Measures: The 34-item Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed. Internal consistency was evaluated by the Cronbach α coefficient. Exploratory analysis investigated the structure of the data using Principal Component Analysis. Results: The 34-item long form of the scale had acceptable internal consistency (α=0.70; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.73). Exploratory analysis identified five two-item principal components which accounted for 74% of the variance in the reduced data set: ‘vulnerability of the back’; ‘relationship between back pain and injury’; ‘activity participation while experiencing back pain’; ‘prognosis of back pain’ and ‘psychological influences on recovery’. Internal consistency was acceptable for the reduced 10-item scale (α=0.61; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.66) and the identified components (α between 0.50 and 0.78). Conclusions: The 34-item long form of the scale may be appropriate for use in future cross-sectional studies. The 10-item short form may be appropriate for use as a screening tool, or an outcome assessment instrument. Further testing of the 10-item Back-PAQ's construct validity, reliability, responsiveness to change and predictive ability needs to be conducted.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/2601
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY-NC 4.0: Attribution - Non commercial 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Health Sciences
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Public Health (IPH)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen Gesundheit

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Darlow, B., Perry, M., Mathieson, F., Stanley, J., Melloh, M., Marsh, R., & Baxter, G. D. (2014). The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ). BMJ Open, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-4106

Darlow, B. et al. (2014) ‘The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ)’, BMJ Open, 4(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-4106.

B. Darlow et al., “The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ),” BMJ Open, vol. 4, no. 5, 2014, doi: 10.21256/zhaw-4106.

DARLOW, Ben, Meredith PERRY, Fiona MATHIESON, James STANLEY, Markus MELLOH, Reginald MARSH und G David BAXTER, 2014. The development and exploratory analysis of the back pain attitudes questionnaire (Back-PAQ). BMJ Open. 2014. Bd. 4, Nr. 5. DOI 10.21256/zhaw-4106

Darlow, Ben, Meredith Perry, Fiona Mathieson, James Stanley, Markus Melloh, Reginald Marsh, and G David Baxter. 2014. “The Development and Exploratory Analysis of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ).” BMJ Open 4 (5). https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-4106.

Darlow, Ben, et al. “The Development and Exploratory Analysis of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ).” BMJ Open, vol. 4, no. 5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-4106.