Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control

Mikkonen, Jani; Luomajoki, Hannu; Airaksinen, Olavi; Neblett, Randy; Selander, Tuomas; Leinonen, Ville

doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-22493

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Open peer review
Title:	Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control
Authors:	Mikkonen, Jani Luomajoki, Hannu Airaksinen, Olavi Neblett, Randy Selander, Tuomas Leinonen, Ville
et. al:	No
DOI:	10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6 10.21256/zhaw-22493
Published in:	BMC Neurology
Volume(Issue):	21
Issue:	141
Issue Date:	31-Mar-2021
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	BioMed Central
ISSN:	1471-2377
Language:	English
Subjects:	Central sensitization; Central sensitization inventory; Chronic pain; Dizziness; Low back pain; Musculoskeletal pain; Postural control; Psychometric validation
Subject (DDC):	616.8: Neurology, diseases of nervous system
Abstract:	Background: Central Sensitization (CS) involves dysfunction in neurophysiological mechanisms that increase neuronal responses to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli in the central nervous system. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is considered the leading patient-reported outcome measure for assessing CS-related symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the CSI into Finnish (CSI-FI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Translation and cross-cultural validation of the CSI was conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The CSI-FI was evaluated for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction, relationship with subject-reported outcome measures [Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK), the Depression scale (DEPS), 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5 L-5D), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index (PSQ-3)], pain history, subjective symptoms of dizziness, and CS-related diagnoses on CSI part B. Furthermore, we studied the ability of the CSI-FI to distinguish pain free controls, subjects with chronic pain in a single body area, and subjects with multisite chronic pain. In addition, we studied the relationship of CSI-FI scores with postural control on a force plate. Results: The CSI-FI demonstrated good internal consistency (0.884) and excellent test-retest reliability (0.933) with a 7 ± 1 day gap between test administrations. Exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction yielded a one factor solution. Fair to good correlations were found between the CSI-FI and the TSK, DEPS, EQ-5 L-5D, RMDQ, and PSQ-3. Subjective symptoms of dizziness correlated better with CSI-FI scores than any of the CS-related diagnoses on CSI part B. Total CSI-FI scores successfully distinguished between pain free controls, subjects with chronic pain in a single body area, and subjects with multisite chronic pain. The multisite pain group reported significantly more dizziness symptoms than the other two groups. Force plate measurements showed no relationship between postural control and CSI-FI scores. Conclusion: The CSI-FI translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated into Finnish. CSI-FI psychometric properties and scores were all in acceptable levels and in line with previous CSI validations. The CSI-FI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing CS-related symptomology in Finnish-speaking populations.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/22493
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Health Sciences
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Physiotherapy (IPT)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen Gesundheit

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Mikkonen, J., Luomajoki, H., Airaksinen, O., Neblett, R., Selander, T., & Leinonen, V. (2021). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control. BMC Neurology, 21(141). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6

Mikkonen, J. et al. (2021) ‘Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control’, BMC Neurology, 21(141). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6.

J. Mikkonen, H. Luomajoki, O. Airaksinen, R. Neblett, T. Selander, and V. Leinonen, “Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control,” BMC Neurology, vol. 21, no. 141, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6.

MIKKONEN, Jani, Hannu LUOMAJOKI, Olavi AIRAKSINEN, Randy NEBLETT, Tuomas SELANDER und Ville LEINONEN, 2021. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control. BMC Neurology. 31 März 2021. Bd. 21, Nr. 141. DOI 10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6

Mikkonen, Jani, Hannu Luomajoki, Olavi Airaksinen, Randy Neblett, Tuomas Selander, and Ville Leinonen. 2021. “Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Finnish Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory and Its Relationship with Dizziness and Postural Control.” BMC Neurology 21 (141). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6.

Mikkonen, Jani, et al. “Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Finnish Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory and Its Relationship with Dizziness and Postural Control.” BMC Neurology, vol. 21, no. 141, Mar. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02151-6.