Publication type: Article in scientific journal
Type of review: Peer review (publication)
Title: Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at clinical high risk of psychosis : results of a longitudinal observation study over three years focusing on both converters and non-converters
Authors: Hengartner, Michael Pascal
Heekeren, Karsten
Dvorsky, Diane
Walitza, Susanne
Rössler, Wulf
Theodoridou, Anastasia
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040
Published in: Schizophrenia Research
Volume(Issue): 189
Page(s): 19
Pages to: 26
Issue Date: Nov-2017
Publisher / Ed. Institution: Elsevier
ISSN: 0920-9964
1573-2509
Language: English
Subject (DDC): 616.89: Mental disorders, clinical psychology and psychiatry
Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the validity of the CHR state by focusing on the course of psychosis spectrum symptoms, depression and global functioning in converters and non-converters. A total of 188 CHR-positive subjects (60.2% men) aged between 13 and 35 years (mean = 20.5) at study outset were assessed five times (t0-t4) over a total observation period of 36 months. Conversion to manifest psychosis was defined according to ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia (F20) or brief psychotic disorder (F23). Measures of positive and negative symptoms were assessed with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), depression with the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS), and global functioning with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Converters scored higher over time on all SIPS scales apart from grandiosity (Cohen's d: 0.5-0.7; all p < 0.001), higher on the CDS (d = 0.43, p = 0.001) and lower on the GAF (d = 0.69, p < 0.001) than did non-converters. Positive and negative symptoms as well as depression were most severe at study outset (t0) and then declined sharply following a linear function over the three-year observation period (t1-t4) across groups (all linear contrasts p < 0.001). In conclusion, converters showed significantly more psychopathological symptoms and poorer functioning before crossing the diagnostic threshold for manifest psychosis. CHR-subjects who convert to manifest psychosis during follow-up appear to be recovering from illness rather than becoming ill. Major issues involve the poor discrimination of CHR state and psychosis as well as the dichotomous definition of both at-risk and disease states. Further examination in other CHR-samples is warranted.
URI: https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/2243
Fulltext version: Published version
License (according to publishing contract): Licence according to publishing contract
Departement: Applied Psychology
Organisational Unit: Psychological Institute (PI)
Appears in collections:Publikationen Angewandte Psychologie

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Hengartner, M. P., Heekeren, K., Dvorsky, D., Walitza, S., Rössler, W., & Theodoridou, A. (2017). Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at clinical high risk of psychosis : results of a longitudinal observation study over three years focusing on both converters and non-converters. Schizophrenia Research, 189, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040
Hengartner, M.P. et al. (2017) ‘Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at clinical high risk of psychosis : results of a longitudinal observation study over three years focusing on both converters and non-converters’, Schizophrenia Research, 189, pp. 19–26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040.
M. P. Hengartner, K. Heekeren, D. Dvorsky, S. Walitza, W. Rössler, and A. Theodoridou, “Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at clinical high risk of psychosis : results of a longitudinal observation study over three years focusing on both converters and non-converters,” Schizophrenia Research, vol. 189, pp. 19–26, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040.
HENGARTNER, Michael Pascal, Karsten HEEKEREN, Diane DVORSKY, Susanne WALITZA, Wulf RÖSSLER und Anastasia THEODORIDOU, 2017. Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at clinical high risk of psychosis : results of a longitudinal observation study over three years focusing on both converters and non-converters. Schizophrenia Research. November 2017. Bd. 189, S. 19–26. DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040
Hengartner, Michael Pascal, Karsten Heekeren, Diane Dvorsky, Susanne Walitza, Wulf Rössler, and Anastasia Theodoridou. 2017. “Course of Psychotic Symptoms, Depression and Global Functioning in Persons at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis : Results of a Longitudinal Observation Study over Three Years Focusing on Both Converters and Non-Converters.” Schizophrenia Research 189 (November): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040.
Hengartner, Michael Pascal, et al. “Course of Psychotic Symptoms, Depression and Global Functioning in Persons at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis : Results of a Longitudinal Observation Study over Three Years Focusing on Both Converters and Non-Converters.” Schizophrenia Research, vol. 189, Nov. 2017, pp. 19–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040.


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