Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis

Kuster, Roman P.; Grooten, Wilhelmus J. A.; Blom, Victoria; Baumgartner, Daniel; Hagströmer, Maria; Ekblom, Örjan

doi:10.3390/ijerph17238864

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-20978

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis
Authors:	Kuster, Roman P. Grooten, Wilhelmus J. A. Blom, Victoria Baumgartner, Daniel Hagströmer, Maria Ekblom, Örjan
et. al:	No
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph17238864 10.21256/zhaw-20978
Published in:	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume(Issue):	17
Issue:	23
Page(s):	8864
Issue Date:	2020
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	MDPI
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827
Language:	English
Subjects:	Active sitting; Bland-altman; Inactive standing; Method comparison; Posture and physical activity index (POPAI); Sedentary behavior
Subject (DDC):	614: Public health and prevention of disease
Abstract:	Sedentary Behavior (SB), defined as sitting with minimal physical activity, is an emergent public health topic. However, the measurement of SB considers either posture (e.g., activPal) or physical activity (e.g., ActiGraph), and thus neglects either active sitting or inactive standing. The aim of this study was to determine the true amount of active sitting and inactive standing in daily life, and to analyze by how much these behaviors falsify the single sensors' sedentary estimates. Sedentary time of 100 office workers estimated with activPal and ActiGraph was therefore compared with Bland-Altman statistics to a combined sensor analysis, the posture and physical activity index (POPAI). POPAI classified each activPal sitting and standing event into inactive or active using the ActiGraph counts. Participants spent 45.0% [32.2%-59.1%] of the waking hours inactive sitting (equal to SB), 13.7% [7.8%-21.6%] active sitting, and 12.0% [5.7%-24.1%] inactive standing (mean [5th-95th percentile]). The activPal overestimated sedentary time by 30.3% [12.3%-48.4%] and the ActiGraph by 22.5% [3.2%-41.8%] (bias [95% limit-of-agreement]). The results showed that sitting is not always inactive, and standing is not always active. Caution should therefore be paid when interpreting the activPal (ignoring active sitting) and ActiGraph (ignoring inactive standing) measured time as SB.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/20978
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	School of Engineering
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen School of Engineering

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Kuster, R. P., Grooten, W. J. A., Blom, V., Baumgartner, D., Hagströmer, M., & Ekblom, Ö. (2020). Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238864

Kuster, R.P. et al. (2020) ‘Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), p. 8864. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238864.

R. P. Kuster, W. J. A. Grooten, V. Blom, D. Baumgartner, M. Hagströmer, and Ö. Ekblom, “Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 23, p. 8864, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238864.

KUSTER, Roman P., Wilhelmus J. A. GROOTEN, Victoria BLOM, Daniel BAUMGARTNER, Maria HAGSTRÖMER und Örjan EKBLOM, 2020. Is sitting always inactive and standing always active? : a simultaneous free-living activPal and ActiGraph analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. Bd. 17, Nr. 23, S. 8864. DOI 10.3390/ijerph17238864

Kuster, Roman P., Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten, Victoria Blom, Daniel Baumgartner, Maria Hagströmer, and Örjan Ekblom. 2020. “Is Sitting Always Inactive and Standing Always Active? : A Simultaneous Free-Living activPal and ActiGraph Analysis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (23): 8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238864.

Kuster, Roman P., et al. “Is Sitting Always Inactive and Standing Always Active? : A Simultaneous Free-Living activPal and ActiGraph Analysis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 23, 2020, p. 8864, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238864.