In this paper we provide a result ensuring the existence of symmetric mixed strategy equilibria in symmetric games. We apply the fixed point theorem of Glicksberg and Fan analogously to the way in which Moulin uses Kakutani’s theorem to prove the existence of a symmetric equilibrium in pure strategies.

This article investigates perceived accountability patterns of national agencies’chief executives in four countries with a Rechtsstaat tradition and tests theoretical expectations about potential tensions between managerial reforms and administrative values using survey data (N=453). All countries combine old and new forms of accountability requirements, while legal and financial accountability have not been replaced with results accountability. Switzerland and the Netherlands score highest on results accountability, though in combination with legal and financial accountability, which are dominant in Germany and Austria. Nation-specific characteristics seem more important for core values of public administration than generic characteristics of the Rechtsstaat model.