International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries

Knoll, Michael; Götz, Martin; Adriasola, Elisa; Al‐Atwi, Amer Ali; Arenas, Alicia; Atitsogbe, Kokou A.; Barrett, Stephen; Bhattacharjee, Anindo; Blanco, Norman D.; Bogilović, Sabina; Bollmann, Grégoire; Bosak, Janine; Bulut, Cagri; Carter, Madeline; Černe, Matej; Chui, Susanna L. M.; Di Marco, Donatella; Duden, Gesa S.; Elsey, Vicki; Fujimura, Makoto; Gatti, Paola; Ghislieri, Chiara; Giessner, Steffen R.; Hino, Kenta; Hofmans, Joeri; Jønsson, Thomas S.; Kazimna, Pazambadi; Lowe, Kevin B.; Malagón, Juliana; Mohebbi, Hassan; Montgomery, Anthony; Monzani, Lucas; Pieterse, Anne Nederveen; Ngoma, Muhammed; Ozeren, Emir; O'Shea, Deirdre; Ottsen, Christina Lundsgaard; Pickett, Jennifer; Rangkuti, Anna A.; Retowski, Sylwiusz; Ardabili, Farzad Sattari; Shaukat, Razia; Silva, Silvia A.; Šimunić, Ana; Steffens, Niklas K.; Sultanova, Faniya; Szücs, Daria; Tavares, Susana M.; Tipandjan, Arun; Dick, Rolf; Vasiljevic, Dimitri; Wong, Sut I.; Zacher, Hannes

doi:10.1002/job.2512

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-25823

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries
Authors:	Knoll, Michael Götz, Martin Adriasola, Elisa Al‐Atwi, Amer Ali Arenas, Alicia Atitsogbe, Kokou A. Barrett, Stephen Bhattacharjee, Anindo Blanco, Norman D. Bogilović, Sabina Bollmann, Grégoire Bosak, Janine Bulut, Cagri Carter, Madeline Černe, Matej Chui, Susanna L. M. Di Marco, Donatella Duden, Gesa S. Elsey, Vicki Fujimura, Makoto Gatti, Paola Ghislieri, Chiara Giessner, Steffen R. Hino, Kenta Hofmans, Joeri Jønsson, Thomas S. Kazimna, Pazambadi Lowe, Kevin B. Malagón, Juliana Mohebbi, Hassan Montgomery, Anthony Monzani, Lucas Pieterse, Anne Nederveen Ngoma, Muhammed Ozeren, Emir O'Shea, Deirdre Ottsen, Christina Lundsgaard Pickett, Jennifer Rangkuti, Anna A. Retowski, Sylwiusz Ardabili, Farzad Sattari Shaukat, Razia Silva, Silvia A. Šimunić, Ana Steffens, Niklas K. Sultanova, Faniya Szücs, Daria Tavares, Susana M. Tipandjan, Arun Dick, Rolf Vasiljevic, Dimitri Wong, Sut I. Zacher, Hannes
et. al:	Yes
DOI:	10.1002/job.2512 10.21256/zhaw-25823
Published in:	Journal of Organizational Behavior
Volume(Issue):	42
Issue:	5
Page(s):	619
Pages to:	648
Issue Date:	2021
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	Wiley
ISSN:	0894-3796 1099-1379
Language:	English
Subjects:	Context; Cross-cultural research; Culture; Employee silence; Voice
Subject (DDC):	150: Psychology 331: Labor economics
Abstract:	Employee silence, the withholding of work-related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross-cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, and measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/25823
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0: Attribution - Non commercial - No derivatives 4.0 International
Departement:	Applied Psychology
Organisational Unit:	Psychological Institute (PI)
Appears in collections:	Publikationen Angewandte Psychologie

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Knoll, M., Götz, M., Adriasola, E., Al‐Atwi, A. A., Arenas, A., Atitsogbe, K. A., Barrett, S., Bhattacharjee, A., Blanco, N. D., Bogilović, S., Bollmann, G., Bosak, J., Bulut, C., Carter, M., Černe, M., Chui, S. L. M., Di Marco, D., Duden, G. S., Elsey, V., et al. (2021). International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), 619–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2512

Knoll, M. et al. (2021) ‘International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), pp. 619–648. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2512.

M. Knoll et al., “International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 619–648, 2021, doi: 10.1002/job.2512.

KNOLL, Michael, Martin GÖTZ, Elisa ADRIASOLA, Amer Ali AL‐ATWI, Alicia ARENAS, Kokou A. ATITSOGBE, Stephen BARRETT, Anindo BHATTACHARJEE, Norman D. BLANCO, Sabina BOGILOVIĆ, Grégoire BOLLMANN, Janine BOSAK, Cagri BULUT, Madeline CARTER, Matej ČERNE, Susanna L. M. CHUI, Donatella DI MARCO, Gesa S. DUDEN, Vicki ELSEY, Makoto FUJIMURA, Paola GATTI, Chiara GHISLIERI, Steffen R. GIESSNER, Kenta HINO, Joeri HOFMANS, Thomas S. JØNSSON, Pazambadi KAZIMNA, Kevin B. LOWE, Juliana MALAGÓN, Hassan MOHEBBI, Anthony MONTGOMERY, Lucas MONZANI, Anne Nederveen PIETERSE, Muhammed NGOMA, Emir OZEREN, Deirdre O’SHEA, Christina Lundsgaard OTTSEN, Jennifer PICKETT, Anna A. RANGKUTI, Sylwiusz RETOWSKI, Farzad Sattari ARDABILI, Razia SHAUKAT, Silvia A. SILVA, Ana ŠIMUNIĆ, Niklas K. STEFFENS, Faniya SULTANOVA, Daria SZÜCS, Susana M. TAVARES, Arun TIPANDJAN, Rolf DICK, Dimitri VASILJEVIC, Sut I. WONG und Hannes ZACHER, 2021. International differences in employee silence motives : scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2021. Bd. 42, Nr. 5, S. 619–648. DOI 10.1002/job.2512

Knoll, Michael, Martin Götz, Elisa Adriasola, Amer Ali Al‐Atwi, Alicia Arenas, Kokou A. Atitsogbe, Stephen Barrett, et al. 2021. “International Differences in Employee Silence Motives : Scale Validation, Prevalence, and Relationships with Culture Characteristics across 33 Countries.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 42 (5): 619–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2512.

Knoll, Michael, et al. “International Differences in Employee Silence Motives : Scale Validation, Prevalence, and Relationships with Culture Characteristics across 33 Countries.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 42, no. 5, 2021, pp. 619–48, https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2512.